A classification of systems is needed in relation to their reference context.
The Artificial systems are generally those designed and built by man, and have the physical level 0.
Natural systems are those occurring in nature regardless of human presence.
The Conceptual systems are designed and built by man but without a physical level. They are the so-called systems of thinking or ideas, the same systemic theory is a conceptual model. A further distinction between these systems are formalized systems, such as mathematics, or non-formalized, such philosophical systems. This is a longtime debate between the so-called hard sciences and soft sciences, and in Italy, the endless and exhausting conflict between Humanism and Science.
Mental systems are generally those produced by the brain, but in general were observed characteristics of mental processes in both artificial engineered systems, particularly there is a discipline devoted to this, Artificial Intelligence, and both in natural and living systems, and of corse in conceptual systems.
Living systems are those which exhibit the characteristics of life, and in this sense are disjoint from those artificial, with a few special achievements so far.
Particularly interesting are overlapping areas between the various classifications, for example between mental and conceptual systems and natural and living.
Natural systems are those occurring in nature regardless of human presence.
The Conceptual systems are designed and built by man but without a physical level. They are the so-called systems of thinking or ideas, the same systemic theory is a conceptual model. A further distinction between these systems are formalized systems, such as mathematics, or non-formalized, such philosophical systems. This is a longtime debate between the so-called hard sciences and soft sciences, and in Italy, the endless and exhausting conflict between Humanism and Science.
Mental systems are generally those produced by the brain, but in general were observed characteristics of mental processes in both artificial engineered systems, particularly there is a discipline devoted to this, Artificial Intelligence, and both in natural and living systems, and of corse in conceptual systems.
Living systems are those which exhibit the characteristics of life, and in this sense are disjoint from those artificial, with a few special achievements so far.
Particularly interesting are overlapping areas between the various classifications, for example between mental and conceptual systems and natural and living.
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